Mines
Zorka Keramika operates two branches: BRANCH KOP DONJE CRNILJEVO, Donje Crniljevo and BRANCH KOP JADRANSKA LEŠNICA, Jadranska Lešnica.
The most significant advantage of our mines is that you can find several types of clay in one place. According to expert analyses, the sites are rich in clay reserves, so exploitation will be possible for the next 15 to 20 years. Since in the first 5-10 m of the excavation there are layers of brick, and underneath there are layers of white ceramic clay, the mines can supply both the brick and ceramic industry with raw material.
All the clays available to Keramika-holding doo are located in the Upper Tamnav Tertiary basin.
According to the mineralogical composition, they represent a mixture of kaolinite-illite-montmorionite clays, which determines their key properties such as: plasticity, casting properties, sensitivity to drying, strength to fracture in the raw state, firing color, etc.
Current products:
- Yellow-red brick-ceramic clay
- Gray-white ceramic clay
- Dark ceramic clay
- Homogenized clay for ceramic floor tiles
- Kaolinized granite (as a solvent in ceramic masses)
Use:
- Rough ceramics : brick industry (brick, tile), ceramic sewer pipes, pottery;
- Fine ceramics : wall and floor ceramic tiles, sanitary ware;
- Other uses : paper, rubber, fertilizer and plant protection industry, (achieved by additional processing of raw clays such as crushing, drying, grinding-micronization or ion exchange). A certain proportion of clay is also used in the industry of refractory products, such as firebricks, electrical insulators, etc.
Yellow-red brick-ceramic clay
Basic characteristics of the raw material:
Moisture upon delivery: 17.0 – 19.0 % (depending on the season)
Residue on the 63 µm sieve: 34.8 %
Chemical composition of the raw material:
Komp. | Gub. žar. | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sadržaj % | 4.76 | 71.06 | 15.08 | 5.30 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.14 | 2.11 |
Mineralogical composition of the raw material ( Rõ analysis ): the most abundant quartz, minerals of the phyllosilicate group and the smectite group in traces
Properties and behavior in the drying and firing process:
- water required for plastic processing: 30.25%
- plasticity according to Pfefferkorn: 33.65%
- drying shrinkage at 105°C: 6.46%
Clinker temperature:> 1250°C
Sintering temperature:> 1250°C
Use of raw material:
Most in the production of all brick products.
Ignition tests of a flat sample:
| Temperature | Color of ignition (CEC) | Total. more expensive | Water absorption | Appearance – condition |
| 1250 °C | H-9 dark brick red | 12.64 % | 7.01 % | normal |
| 1170 °C | G-10 dark brick red | 11.48 % | 11.59 % | normal |
| 1100 °C | F-10 brick red | 9.57 % | 13.92 % | normal |
| 1000 °C | E-9 darker cream | 7.49 % | 18.43 % | normal |
| 930 °C | E-8 darker cream | 7.25 % | 19.11 % | normal |
Gray-white ceramic clay
Basic characteristics of the raw material:
Moisture upon delivery: 17.0 – 19.0 % (depending on the season)
Residue on the 63 µm sieve: 8.59 %
Chemical composition of the raw material:
| Comp. | Gub. žar. | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O |
| Sadržaj % | 6.05 | 65.98 | 20.79 | 1.88 | 1.33 | 0.34 | 0.75 | 0.12 | 2.48 |
Mineralogical composition of the raw material ( Rõ analysis ): the most abundant quartz, minerals of the phyllosilicate group: kaolinite, illite and the smectite group in traces
Properties and behavior in the drying and firing process:
- water required for plastic processing: 48.80%
- plasticity according to Pfefferkorn: 54.40%
- drying shrinkage at 105°C: 9.84%
Clinker temperature:> 1125°C
Sintering temperature:> 1200°C
Use of raw material:
For the production of floor and wall ceramic tiles with a light color of baked “cerepa”.
Ignition tests of a flat sample:
| Temperature | Color of ignition (CEC) | Ukup. skuplj. | Upijanje vode | Izgled – stanje |
| 1250 °C | A-5 svetlo-siva | 19.06 % | 0.59 % | normalan |
| 1170 °C | G-10 tamno cigla crvena | 18.72 % | 2.79 % | normalan |
| 1100 °C | F-10 cigla crvena | 18.35 % | 7.74 % | normalan |
| 1000 °C | E-9 tamnije krem | 13.88 % | 17.01 % | normalan |
| 930 °C | E-8 tamnije krem | 12.06 % | 20.62 % | normalan |
Tamna keramička glina
Basic characteristics of the raw material:
Moisture upon delivery: 17.0 – 19.0 % (depending on the season)
Residue on the 63 µm sieve: 5.96 %
Chemical composition of the raw material:
| Komp. | Gub. žar. | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O |
| Sadržaj % | 12.09 | 50.08 | 29.29 | 1.51 | 0.70 | 1.47 | 0.73 | 1.78 | 0.32 |
Mineralogical composition of the raw material ( Rõ analysis ): the most abundant quartz, clay minerals and feldspars
Properties and behavior in the drying and firing process:
- water required for plastic processing: 29.70%
- plasticity according to Pfefferkorn: 31.70%
- drying shrinkage at 105°C: 6.50%
Use of raw material:
As a highly plastic raw material, it is used for traditional ceramic products with slow firing processes, as a binder in the production of refractory ceramics and as a filler in various industrial fields.
Ignition tests of a flat sample:
| Temperature | Color of ignition (CEC) | Ukup. skuplj. | Water absorption | Appearance – condition |
| 1100 °C | B 2 /B 3 white-beige | 8.69 % | 14.71 % | normal |
| 1000 °C | C 2 /C 3 lightest cream yellow | 11.00% | 12.35 % | normal |
| 900 °C | C 4 darker cream yellow | 14.06 % | 9.62 % | normal |
Homogenized clay for ceramic floor tiles
Basic characteristics of the raw material:
Moisture upon delivery: 17.0 – 19.0 % (depending on the season)
Residue on the 63 µm sieve: 15.0 – 20 %
Chemical composition of the raw material:
| Komp. | Gub. žar. | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O |
| Sadržaj % | 7.31 | 61.20 | 22.66 | 1.14 | 0.60 | 1.17 | 0.64 | 0.22 | 3.71 |
Mineralogical composition of the raw material ( Rõ analysis ): the most abundant quartz, clay minerals such as kaolinite, fire clay, illite, montmorionite, then muscovite and feldspars (albite, anorthite)
Properties and behavior in the drying and firing process:
- water required for plastic processing: 30.57%
- plasticity according to Pfefferkorn: 32.52%
- drying shrinkage at 105°C: 7.55%
Use of raw material:
For the production of floor and wall ceramic tiles with a light color of baked “cerepa”.
Ignition tests of a flat sample:
| Temperature | Color of ignition (CEC) | Total. more expensive | Water absorption | Appearance – condition |
| 1200 °C | C 4 darker cream | 10.77 % | 0.30 % | almost sintered |
| 1100 °C | C 4 cream | 9.49 % | 3.56 % | normal |
| 1000 °C | B 3 /C 3 yellowish cream | 8.85 % | 9.08 % | normal |
| 900 °C | C 1 /D 1 light cream | 5.45 % | 15.72 % | normal |
Kaolinized granite
Basic characteristics of the raw material:
Moisture on delivery: 6.0 – 8.0 %
Residue on the 63 µm sieve: 75.0 – 85.0 %
Chemical composition of the raw material:
| Comp. | Gub. ardor. | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O |
| Sadržaj % | 3.20 – 4.10 | 63.0 – 66.0 | 19.0 – 21.0 | 1.50 – 1.65 | 0.20 – 0.23 | 0.85 – 1.25 | 0.20 – 0.30 | 1.75 – 2.70 | 5.40 – 6.45 |
Mineralogical composition of the raw material ( Rõ analysis ): mica, quartz, feldspar, calcite/dolomite
Properties and behavior in the drying and firing process:
Clinker temperature:> 1250°C
Sintering temperature:> 1250°C
Use of raw material:
The raw material is used exclusively as the so-called melter in the ceramic industry.
Ignition tests of a flat sample:
| Temperature | Color of ignition (CEC) | Total. more expensive | Water absorption | Appearance – condition |
| 1200 °C | C 4 darker cream | 5.23 % | 11.52 % | almost sintered |
| 1100 °C | F 12 dark brick red | 2.14 % | 14.87 % | normal |
| 1000 °C | E 10 brick red | 1.05 % | 17.33 % | normal |
Contact:
ZORKA-KERAMIKA D.O.O.
Beograd-Novi Beograd
Bulevar Mihaila Pupina 10v/114
e-mail: s.djakovac@zorka-keramika.rs
